1. A non-parental hardiness role model - hardiness is learned from a significant other

2. Cautious optimism - avoid foolhardy risk-taking

3. Problem-commitment - tenacious mental and emotional engagement

4. Social commitment - maintain a deep and abiding commitment to family and friends

5. Challenge - rugged individualism committed to a greater objective

6. Control - emotionally and mentally competent through a flexible explanatory system

7. Knowing when to give up control - let go of things beyond control and move on